♪ Music Playing ♪ >> COMING UP NEXT ON "ARIZONA HORIZON," SOCIAL SECURITY CONCERNS AS WE LOOK AT ISSUES IMPORTANT TO OLDER VOTERS IN TH UPCOMING ELECTION.

ALSO TONIGHT, HOW TO TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REAL MEDIA AND THE KIND OF IMAGES, VIDEOS AND TEXTS GENERATED BY A.I.

AND, WE'LL HEAR ABOUT ARIZONA'S FIRST AUTISM-FOCUSED PRIMARY CARE CLINIC.

THOSE STORIES, AND MORE, NEXT O ARIZONA HORIZON.

>> "Arizona Horizon" is made possible by contributions from the friends of Arizona PBS.

Members of your public television station.

>> GOOD EVENING AND WELCOME TO "ARIZONA HORIZON."

I'M TED SIMONS.

SOCIAL SECURITY'S RETIREMENT TRUST FUND WILL BE INSOLVENT BY MID-2032, THAT'S ACCORDING TO THE LATEST PROJECTIONS FROM THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE.

IT'S THE SAME YEAR THAT SOCIAL SECURITY'S TRUSTEES ARE ALSO EXPECTING INSOLVENCY.

SOCIAL SECURITY IS AN ISSUE IMPORTANT TO OLDER VOTERS IN NOVEMBER'S ELECTIONS.

AND THAT'S WHY WE'VE GATHERED SOME VOTERS TO DISCUSS SOCIAL SECURITY'S FUTURE.

JOINING US NOW IS LOCAL BUSINES OWNER BRIAN McKEW.

AND RETIRED TEACHER JUDITH SIMONS.

That's a beautiful name, by the way, congratulations.

All right, are you both Social Security recipients?

Brian?

Judith.

>> Yes.

>> Yes, I am.

>> Okay.

Do you see this is just for basic grounds rule here.

Starting with you, do you see social security as supplemental income source or the complete retirement solution for you?

>> For myself, supplement.

>> What about you?

>> Supplemental for me as well.

>> All right.

Brian we'll start with you on this.

What are your concerns regarding social security?

>> I think there is a concern -- there's more of an awareness in the demographic.

Full retirement age.

Decisions we make in choosing when to receive Social Security.

And how it plays into the big picture.

So I am aware of the projections over the next years in the budgetary office.

They project out for 75 years and they are projecting shortfalls of -- fully fund obligations through 2032.

Beyond 2032 it's a reduction in ability to fund.

Not it's gone.

It's just a -- it's a big reduction and needs to be dealt with.

So my concern is for the future For those who have a ways to get to.

I like aim okay but I planned.

>> You can okay but your you.. What about you?

>> I am concerned for the people Peck to go receive is eventually.

I have heard various years many different times.

And so I am not sure how they are doing their accounting.

But obviously there is a shortfall projected and it needs to be dealt with.

>> Needs to be dealt with.

If you hear a candidate say that they have an idea for dealing with it, that important to you?

>> No one candidate can resolve it alone.

There has to be a group effort.

If they have an idea, sure, I would be interesting in what they had to say.

>> Okay.

So I guess let's put it this way, if they had an idea that's a good thing.

But if they are willing to work with others, and good at working with others is almost as important?

>> I think so.

Nothing is going to happen.

>> Interesting.

>> This has been talked about for years and years.

Congress keeps saying something needs to be done, and does nothing.

>> Yeah.

They have sidestepped and postponed the issue for you years.

Brian if I am a candidate and I say I have a great idea and give you the idea and you don't know whether it will work.

Not sure whether it would work or not is that a game changer for you as far as the election is concerned?

>> I don't know that it changes a vote.

I think it should be prominent in the discussion, there have been discussions from the entire at this of Social Security.

If we look back at its inception, what drove it.

The iterations and when it became law in 1934 and where we are as Judith said, really the last major discussion I understand, I believe was 1983.

When the congress bipartisan got together and hammered out an understanding.

There are multiple things that move it.

Why is there a shortfall?

Why is this projected?

What has changed?

>> So let me give you some ideas here, increasing payroll taxes is that an idea that works for you?

>> Does it work for me or part of the discussion?

>> No, talking about you personally.

>> Well, it would have to be taken into context with everything.

That by itself, by the way, would not according to the budgetary office solve the problem.

>> As a means of addressing the issue.

>> It's on the table.

>> Does that ring your bell?

>> I think they can do better.

I don't think these a starting points.

>> What about making high earners.

>> Listing the salary cap?

Eventually?

>> That be a starting point I would support.

>> So we got a couple of starring points what gets us past the starting point.

What down to hear?

>> That they are serious about resolving the issue you in a way that doesn't impact people who would be hurt by whatever they are considering.

>> Raising the retirement age, what do you think about that?

>> I have heard that that's something that could have been started long ago if they had gradually started raising it.

Like a month a year if they had done that.

It would have helped out.

But I don't know if there is a, you know, all at once you have to be a certain higher age.

That would not satisfy me.

>> What about raising retirement age?

>> On the table.

All a part of the discussion.

And multiple leavers.

So we have the revenue side and spending side.

One of the big drivers is that there are far fewer contributors.

Going back in history.

Some five workers for every one beneficiary.

Today the projections are I believe under two workers for every one beneficiary.

Salary caps, taxing income.

The higher ups, the way higher ups they don't draw in the form of salary so they skirt it anyway.

We might bring investment incomes in getting another demographic very interested when that discussion begins.

>> What about reducing benefits >> I think you have to protect the lowest -- it was always meant to be a baseline.

For the public.

It was never a replacement.

It's not a an end all.

Here, you can stop work and here is enough money to live on.

It's projected and it says right on the website, this would supplement 40% of your pre-retirement income.

That's the baseline and you should be planning this a long time ago.

Not at retirement.

>> Okay.

Last question.

We are running out of time.

But reducing benefits, is that something that have you had be considered?

Is that is something if I were a candidate and talked about it your ears would raise a bit.

>> I don't think you would get much support for that from current recipients and people looking out for maybe, you morning younger sibling or whoever you are talking to that's count on the ground it.

>> All right.

Jude Simons and again, beautiful name.

And Brian McKew, good to have you both here thank you so much for joining us good conversation.

>> Thank you for having us.

Thank you.

>> Thank you.

♪♪ ♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ >> A.I.

GENERATED IMAGES AND VIDEOS ARE INCREASINGLY FINDING SPACE ONLINE, SO MUCH SO THAT IT'S BECOMING INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT TO FIGURE OUT WHAT'S REAL AND WHAT'S NOT.

A.I.

DETECTION TOOLS CAN HELP, BUT EVEN THOSE AREN'T FOOLPROOF JARON MINK, FROM ASU'S SCHOOL O COMPUTING AND AUGMENTED INTELLIGENCE IS HERE TO TALK ABOUT STRATEGIES FOR IDENTIFYIN A.I.

GENERATED CONTENT.

Good to have you here.

>> Thanks so much for having me here.

>> You are here, right, this is >> I hope so.

>> Not some A.I.

generated thing going on here.

How fast has A.I.

taken over the media?

>> Oh, I mean, it's wild.

I started looking into this knee the beginning of may PhD and in honestly the course of maybe six, seven years it's gone from we were talking about GPT2 as a very specific model, language model.

And ChatGPT came out and suddenly the world was talking about it more than I was.

It was wild.

>> So talking news, books.

>> Yeah.

>> Art.

>> Yeah.

>> Social media.

The books thing is fascinating because I saw a report that one in five kindle books now are like a quarter, 25% generated by A.I.

>> Yeah, I am not surprised.

It's certainly something that I think people are grappling with the proper way to use it.

>> Yeah.

>> In society.

>> Yeah.

One viral romance novel was 60% A.I.

written.

And it went viral like a Bestseller.

>> Yeah.

>> All right.

So you, you are studying your research you analyze Reddit posts and comments?

>> Yeah, so what we are primarily trying to Sunday is doing in-lap experimentation trying to understand if I give someone a photo do they understand what is real or not.

And this has become such a major discourse that just online on social media, on Reddit we were able to look at over one hound thousand comments, 10,000 posts of peeking talk oning about is this real, is it fake, is it A.I.?

Through that we understood how people are thinking about it.

What sort of strategies they are using and kind of where the mindset toward this is right now.

>> Hour people thinking about this?

>> In lots of different things.

Group sense make of trying to solve a insolvable problem.

At least a very, very hard wonderful people are thinking about it in the ton of ways from trying to understand, you know, styles and cadence defenses that A.I.

generated images, text or videos might have.

But also could stem from things like if I look at a piece of media can I find it on the news elsewhere reported by CNN or and PBS.

And using that as a we to kind of give credibility and legitimacy.

>> You mentioned collective sense making that's a big deal part of your research is seeing how not just one person sitting you know in, front a screen but the entire community looks at this.

>> Again, this is changed very rapidly because A.I.

is something that everyone is talking about.

So, yeah, I think, again, only recently did it become something that was like a small set of research questions in to a global talking point.

>> So how is A.I.

usually detected?

>> There is a lot of different ways.

And some of them are better than others.

There are A.I.

detectors someone might suspect a piece of text is A.I.

generated copy and paste it into approximating and gives you a score.

That's different than other detection methods where you might have heard of a watermark or provenance being embedded within media.

Those give different at least types of guarantees over how likely something is or is not real.

>> So, I mean, but there is no single cues anymore, right?

It's kind of like a trend it's it has a certain cadence to it, those sorts of things.

>> Yes.

Very often, rate?

Ultimately, if people are talking about image or piece of tech, they are trying to determine this by understanding whether, you know, a set of pixels or set of colors are real or fake.

It's just trying understand the broader styles that are underneath it.

>> Are the detection strategies, abilities are they keeping pace with advancements with A.I.?

>> Certainly not.

>> Yeah.

>> This is, you know, my more like primary field of academic research, cybersecurity and that really means trying to solve a problem in the presence of someone trying to break a solution.

And so you might have a detector that works now.

But very often it's not going to work a year from now when things start change and that cat and mouse game.

I think is very hard to get away from.

>> Do you see a lot of false positives out there?

>> Absolutely.

We did a whole study a few years ago where we just gave people real LinkedIn know profiles and said which ones do you think are A.I.

generated what are the strategies that they were using all of which were inning correct answers.

>> How interesting.

I May, I could write a note or paper or something, and it could be A.I.

like, true.

>> Oh, absolutely.

The Tex doors tell that much as an academic something that's changed in our field is you know, starting grad school, I was taught to use em dashes as a would to kind of improve function situations and my understanding and it's this could be wrong, but like a lot of language models end up being trained on academic publications and because it's like those em dashes are quite prominent in what you see nowadays.

So that's changed how, you know, I write papers evening.

I -- there is this strange side effect of not just trying to detect something that's real but also not wanting to be incorrectly labeled as something fake.

>> Can A.I.

be used to detect A.I.?

>> People certainly try to sell you a product like that.

No.

I think, no.

Because what you can do is you can detect a majority maybe, but there is always going to be false positives and this is occurs not just in AI, this occurs in medical testing when you are at the timing for diseases, false positives or false negatives and the difficulty is, you know, exactly where each of those cut offs how accurate is it.

And the difficult thing is you end up getting a solution that people think is, you know, the holy grail and there is always going to be issues with that.

>> Last question, is it possible to do more harm than good in fighting A.I.

or detecting A.I.?

Does that make any sense?

>> Absolutely it does.

I think it's difficult to compare them.

But I think you can definitely do harm.

That's certainly true there.

You know, people I have spoken to in at least even in our department talk about like how worrisome they are about people like incorrectly labeling like a book as A.I.

generated or this sense of paranoia around them.

>> Yeah.

>> So I think there is certainly like cases where this can be inning correctly used.

And, you know, this is just you know, people maybe talking on social media.

But more worrying concern is when you bring it into evidence in court of law.

>> Whoa.

>> And the question of using A.I.

for evidence has been something of a talking point.

And the same concerns arise there as well.

>> Plagiarism was the big one now plagiarism and A.I.

is creeping up as big factor, Jaron mink.

ASU school of compute and augmented intelligence, good to have you here.

>> Thank you so much.

♪♪ ♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪ ♪♪ ♪♪ ♪ >> FINDING A PRIMARY-CARE PROVIDER WHO TRULY UNDERSTANDS AUTISM CAN BE DIFFICULT, BUT TH NEW, VALLE DEL SOL CLINIC HOPES TO CHANGE ALL THAT BY RE-DESIGNING HEALTH CARE AROUND PATIENTS ON THE SPECTRUM INSTEA OF ASKING THOSE PATIENTS TO ADAPT TO THE EXISTING HEALTHCAR SYSTEM.

TO LEARN MORE, WE WELCOME DR.

TASHARA GRAY FROM VALLE DEL SOL.

AND JESSICA MANGIERI FROM ARIZONA AUTISM CHARTER SCHOOLS.

good to have you both here.

Thanks for joining us.

Doctor we'll start with you.

This is the first such clinic in Arizona, correct?

>> That's correct.

We are really excited about this.

It's a vision that became a reality through a partnership between mercy care, also Arizona autism charter and Valle Del Sol, and through that partnership, we have been able to create the clinic that is serve our students quite well.

>> And it's Located on the campus, correct?

>> Yes.

We are on 14th street and Indian school.

Arizona autism charter schools has a 60,000 square foot building housing a number of student there And we were seeing a need within our families, you know, marijuana asking me do you know a provider that would understand my child?

Would take more time to communicate with them.

Maybe understand their communication differences.

>> Right.

>> And so with partnership with Valle Del Sol we establish aid clinic in on our campus.

>> It's open to all not just kids on the campus?

>> That's correct our community clinch six open to all pediatric patient and happy to have them.

>> How many patients are being treated now.

>> As far as patients our capacity is we have extended appointment times and so just really depends on the need for the day.

So there is not a set thing.

We really want to make sure that we are meeting the needs of patients and so there are longer appointments when needed it depends on what's going on.

And typically we have no more than three patients in the office at one time.

>> Interesting in order to focus and a give you the attention you need >> that makes sense.

Health perfect cesc provided.

Well child visit it, sick child these things.

>> Where he being primary care clinic.

Well child, sick child, evening things that as we heard from families that would prevent them from coming in which would be blood draws, simple lab work, sometimes can be really, really difficult for our families and they would avoid that kind of care.

Immunization, things like that where they have had horrible certs in the past now we can provide this kind of comprehensive care longer appointment times, like Dr.

gray said in order to accommodate and get these labs done that they might need.

>> How do you keep those situations from happening?

I mean, this is something that a regular clinic probably learned, true?

>> Right, I agree.

Our goal is to serve as a model that would be helpful for other clinics in our state and hopefully globally.

The idea is to give them a familiar environment that matches their needs.

And so there are times where they may need extra time in our sensory room, we may need to bring our sensory machines into the and room.

And we found that they are doing that.

It really relaxes them and allows the visit to take place without the apprehension and without Australia the lost stress that can statement be a part of the visit.

>> It's that's the big difference between this clinic and a traditional clinic.

>> When we collaborated on this with Valle Del Sol to create a questionnaire for families.

So before they are seven seen by Dr.

gray they can answer what triggers they might have for patients.

Maybe they love a bright light.

Maybe the lights like them turned down maybe the stethoscope is okay, but the otoscope is a big problem parent can tell us beforehand is and we they don't have to repeat themselves and advocate in different settings.

>> I was going say, the fact that you understand autism make a since different doesn't it.

>> It does and being flex I believe has been the most important.

Our tom and visit they have tonight done in the best interest of the patient and how her experiencing the visit.

>> It's when I mentioned we signed around the patient instead of asking the patient to adapt to the healthcare industry, what does that mean to you?

>> You know what, that means that we are lucky at the Valle Del Sol clinic that we can extend the appointment times, not have a ton of people in the collision at one time.

And I think it goes back to learning patience on a deeper level and learning about families on a deep level.

Building rapport with families so when they come in they can have a successful appointment.

>> Is this only for kids?

I thought that was for all ages, true?

>> So with Valle Del Sol, our pediatric clinic is the one that's Located with Arizona autism -- >> At the school.

>> Correct being at the school but Valle Del Sol is a community health center that can serve patients of all ages little and we provide integrative care as well.

So it's not just care through primary care, we do offer behavior through Valle Del Sol as well.

And also dietitians and other services to really make sure that our patients have an integrative experience with their healthcare.

>> Patients with autism?

>> A patient with autism but any patient at Valle Del Sol can receive these services all our patients.

>> Last question we are rear are you running out Time expansion plans?

>> The thoughts always.

We love it's a super innovative of model and think it's replicateable across not only to different sites near our schools around the valley but hoping beyond state as well.

>> Yeah.

Gotta be rewarding.

>> Absolutely.

Best experience.

>> Very good, Dr.

Tashara gray and Jessica Mangieri, congratulations on -- where can people find out more about this?

>> Our website.

>> Or website that's best way to get more information.

>> Valle Del Sol hit the button That says selling you at the top and find Arizona autism family medicine and schedule an appointment with Dr.

gray.

>> Done deal.

Good to have you both here.

Thanks for joining us.

>> Thank you so much.

>> And that is it for now.

I am Ted Simons thank you so much no joining us being you have a great evening.

♪♪ >> I like to think that at "Arizona Horizon" we are unique in the way that we present information.

Public policy, sometimes news, these sorts of things because we have conversations and I don't want conversations and human interacts to go out of style and I hope with "Arizona Horizon" it never goes out of style.

>> "Arizona Horizon" needs your support.

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