- [Narrator] "Montana Ag Live" is made possible by (upbeat music) the Montana Department of Agriculture, MSU Extension, the MSU Ag Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture, the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, the Gallatin Gardeners Club, and the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs.

- Did watch this past week and it was really good.

So with that, let me introduce tonight's panel.

Way to my left, Uta McKelvy.

Uta is our Extension plant pathologist.

She is very knowledgeable in all areas of plant diseases and especially on environmental problems and horticultural issues.

Our special guest tonight, John Spray.

John is the president of Montana Nursery Association, Landscape and Nursery Association.

John is from Billings.

I want to thank him for coming over.

We'll learn a lot about what that industry does for the state of Montana.

Tim Seipel.

Tim, he's a weed ecologist.

I said it, and it hurt.

- Woo-hoo!

- [Jack] Weed scientist, let's get real.

- Yeah.

(chuckles) - And Abi Saeed.

Abi, good to have you back.

Abi is our Extension horticulturist.

And answering the phone tonight is Nancy Blake and Joe Vredenburg.

So thank you.

Get the phones started.

It should be on your screen anytime.

With that, John, tell us a little bit about the Nursery Association in this state.

I mean, it's a big industry.

It's growing every year.

We see it here in Bozeman with the growth.

How important is the Nursery Association?

- I feel the Nursery Association is very important.

We strive to work, we strive to serve the community through working with trade organizations such as landscape contractors, home lawn care, tree care, also wholesale growers and then retail nursery businesses.

What we really strive to do is try to continually educate employees as well as business owners on good agricultural practices, the newer agricultural practices.

If there's disease issues that are disease or insect issues that may be affecting ornamentals and turfgrasses, we try to get that information out as well.

I think the biggest thing that I appreciate the most about the Nursery Association is the continuing education that we offer all of our members.

And we have a large number of members.

We're well into the 200-member organizations, which that affects a lot of employees as well.

So employees are also welcome to come to meetings and different things like that.

- You know, I'll come back to you about some of your shows and so forth, but we have a bunch of people here who are supposed to be answering the phone for pledgery.

They're from the Belgrade Bloomers Garden Club.

So if we could get a shot of them, and let's get that phone operational.

I mean, it's quiet here, and that tells me you don't like this program unless you start calling in.

Okay, Uta, you asked me this question.

I've had it a couple of times before.

Snow mold.

We've not had snow this year.

Can you still get snow mold without snow?

- Yeah, that's a great question, and you know, I do think you can.

There's actually two types of snow molds, or two types of fungal pathogens that can cause snow mold.

One is called gray snow mold, and that's the one we see developing under snow cover.

That's the fuzzy growth that you see.

There's another type that's called pink snow mold, and that is one of the diseases that doesn't require snow cover, as long as it's wet.

Cool, not too warm, not too cold, and kind of cloudy.

And I think that's exactly the kind of winter we've had.

So I think that's the one to look out for.

And so as the name suggests, those would be kind of, this could have a pinkish color.

So you'd look in your lawn for like roughly circular patches that are kind of tan pinkish colored.

It would be likely in areas of the lawn where you have more, where it's maybe more shady or you have it covered with leaf litter, stuff like that.

So moisture would be higher.

Management is the same as for the gray snow mold.

At this time in the year, breaking up that leaf matter, that lawn, breaking it up would help cure it.

- With the wonderful winter we've had and lack of snow, you're going to be mowing your yard next week if you're not careful.

John, you guys do a lot of trade shows, and one of my pet peeves, I've been around here for a lot of years.

One of my pet peeves is seeing big box stores selling trees and other ornamentals that are totally not adapted to Montana.

Does the Nursery Association have educational programs to help people determine what they should be buying and where they should be buying it?

- We do.

We don't do a lot of outreach to the general public at this time.

However, they can reach out to any one of our member organizations at any time to ask questions.

And I do know that they do have to follow the same laws as any other nursery and have nursery licenses.

So they are, the businesses themselves do have the same information that my nursery would have when it comes to what is, what can be grown in Montana.

And I agree with you as well.

And I think that there's a lot of questions have been coming up about the change in zoning in our state.

So not only are big box stores doing it, I'm seeing it in the construction industry as well with architects are specifying plants that are right on the border of not being successful, which is not good for the customer or for the contractor as well.

- And one of the great things that MNLA produces recently is that tree and shrub guide that talks about trees and shrubs that are suitable to grow in Montana.

Do you want to talk a little bit about what, where people could get that maybe?

- At most nursery retail centers will have the book that you're talking about.

I know at my nursery, The Good Earth Works, we have them and we offer them to any customer that wants to see them.

That's where I would check first is your local nursery outlet to find those books.

- You know, that's one of the dangers of having a winter like this, which has been exceedingly mild with very little snow.

Daffodils are popping through, tulips are about there, the deer are hungry, they're gonna get those.

But people will try to grow things like peaches and apricots that really are marginal for this area.

They might get by with it for two or three years, then we get one of those bad winters and they're gone.

- [Uta] You mean real winters?

(chuckles) - Real winters, that's right.

We had one of those a couple years ago that hurt some of our trees.

But yeah, use some caution and work with your local nurserymen.

Most of these people are pretty good at recommending the correct varieties.

Tim, this one came in last year.

And we didn't get to it at the end of the year.

I'll bring it up here in a minute.

Houndstongue in a pasture and also in a garden.

How would you get rid of it?

- Oh yeah, okay.

So houndstongue, it makes a really big taproot and it'll live for a few years.

Sometimes that taproot can look like an alfalfa root.

It'll be a couple inches in diameter and it will be deep, deep, deep, 6, 8, 10 inches.

So around the garden, first prevention, is, what I say is don't pick it and flick it.

So if you have your dog and you're pulling off those houndstongue seeds off them, throw them in the garbage can.

Don't flick them in the garden.

Step two is I would probably use what we describe in weed science as a mode of action, and that's called steel in the field.

And so when I've had it in my yard, I've taken a Pulaski to it around the garden and chopped it low and as deep as I can.

And believe it or not, it'll come back.

Yeah, and so you do it, you can weaken it, you'll get rid of it.

And then out in the pasture, I think you really have to consider spot spraying it with a herbicide like Escort or Garlon, which is a group two herbicide.

And that's what works best on houndstongue.

And you want to do it when it's a rosette, a small, you don't want to wait till it's making a flowering stalk.

You got to get it when it's small.

- So if you got a big flowering stalk, which I've had a couple in my pasture for years, and I go out there when I see them and pull them, and yes, I bag them and get rid of them.

They don't spread a lot unless you have animals around to spread it.

- And yeah, it doesn't have an underground root rhizome like Canada thistle or field bindweed.

It's a big taproot.

So if you keep it from making and you chop it down low, you can wear it down.

- John, trade shows.

I know you have a big one every year in Billings.

- We do.

It alternates between Billings and Missoula, each, every other year.

We just recently had it in Billings this year.

It's called Green Expo.

It's for our industry for trade.

And also, we have taken on the role of the Rocky Mountain Tree School as well, so we can offer some more for arborists.

So it's typically the first week of January, and it's in, like I said, it was in Billings this last year.

It'll be in Missoula next year.

- Can I walk in and be entertained there?

(panelists laughing) - Well, we don't, we don't have any outlets for general public, but because you're with Montana State, you would be more than welcome to come.

- I'm saying the general public.

- General public, no, we don't have anything for general public yet.

- I'm just curious.

Okay, thanks, John.

Question from Bigfork.

I'm gonna throw this one to Abi, but everybody else can jump in before we take a break here.

Is global warming going to be good or bad for growing things in Montana?

We touched on that a little bit.

What do you think?

We do have warming.

You can't deny that.

- That's a tough and complex question.

So I would say there are a lot of concerns about how these warming temperatures can impact what we grow.

And we're seeing this in a year like this year where we're seeing a very, very warm winter with the plants that are suited to Montana conditions.

This is going to challenge even those hardy plants.

It could challenge those insects like pollinator communities.

I think it can be an issue for growers in general, and I'll let Tim and Uta talk about how it might impact agriculture too.

But there is a concern on how this could negatively impact what we grow here with kind of these warming temperatures, we're also seeing temperature extremes and fluctuations, which can also be really tough on our plants.

- Yeah, I mean, for in the agricultural sense, it's a double-edged sword, right?

We may grow some more corn, we may be able to grow some more C4 grasses, millets, and sorghum, but you also have to understand the interaction of when the moisture falls, how much soil moisture's there.

You know, we're harvesting wheat weeks earlier than we did 50 years ago.

We're planting earlier, we're doing a lot of different things.

Soil moisture's maybe running out sooner than it had in the past.

That's a challenge for spring wheat.

It's a double-edged sword.

- So knowing that, and I've played with the garden for the 50, almost 50 years I've lived in Montana.

I can grow eggplant now, which 40 years ago I could not.

Now some of that's genetics, but tomatoes, if you used to in the '80s, if you were successful growing a tomato, you made the front page of your local newspaper.

Tell me about tomatoes a little bit.

Determinate or indeterminate?

- [Abi] I like determinate tomatoes.

- And why?

- Yeah, because they stop- - What is a determinate tomato, actually?

- Good question.

So these are tomatoes that grow to a certain size.

And indeterminate tomatoes will just continue growing really, really large.

You'd prune them back to keep them under control.

But determinate tomatoes only grow to about a certain size.

I find they grow better here in Montana, although people have a lot of success with indeterminate tomatoes too.

I just prefer to grow determinate tomatoes.

And in terms of like, there are a lot of great tomato varieties that we can grow that will produce fruit earlier, like Early Girl, for example, whereas a lot of the varieties that we may have had decades ago, it would be tough to get a tomato before September.

- Centuries ago.

(panelists laughing) We're getting down, we're gonna be taking a pledge break here in a few moments, but you know, people are getting spring fever.

- Sure.

- And I've seen people working their gardens already.

Is it too early to begin planting some of your cool season things?

And if so, what's the danger?

- Yeah, that's a tough question, right?

I mean, so I mean, obviously starting with cool season vegetables is probably the best idea.

It still seems early and we still could have those frosts, so I would hold my horses a little bit longer.

Since you're asking the pathologist, from a disease perspective, you know, planting early in cold soils bears the risk of these seed and seedling diseases that like the cold soil and attack seedlings, and so that's another reason to wait a little bit.

Something that Abi can speak more to is if you're really getting that itchy green thumb, you could start some stuff indoors, right?

We talked last year about these plugs, etc., and so that way you can start cultivating but you have a more conducive environment and maybe lower risk.

- And one of those concerns with planting things too early is those soil temperatures won't be warm enough for germination, so we want to ideally wait until those soil temperatures are warm enough for the seeds that you're seeding in the ground.

And that's usually, I would say, like a minimum of 35 to 40-degree soil temperatures for even some of those cool season plants like spinach and lettuce and beets.

So be a little bit patient.

It's still early March.

I know it looks wild out there, but it's still March in Montana.

- All right, we're going to take a break here in about 45 seconds.

But John, quickly, are you planting trees, the Nursery Association, planting trees earlier in the spring now and getting away with it pretty successfully?

- We are, yes.

- [Jack] And any new varieties of trees that are coming along that the public would be interested in?

- Ooh, well, that's the interesting about with our climate changing.

There are quite a few different varieties, maybe not necessarily genus and species, but more varietal.

Actually, one plant I asked my nursery staff to look into, I'm curious about, is a London plane tree, or a sycamore, and from what the statistics say is that that plant should grow here.

And I would, I'd like to try it.

- Sounds good.

We'll get back to that.

Yeah, as most of you know, Montana PBS is in the middle of their spring pledge drive.

So we're gonna take a little short break right now and talk about Ag Live over the years.

This program's been on for quite a few years, and we need your support to keep it on.

And there's a lot of other programs produced by Montana PBS that also need your support.

So be generous, get on the phone and call the representatives of the Belgrade Bloomers Garden Club tonight and make a pledge.

Thank you, we'll be back shortly.

- We're back from our pledge break.

Get that, get the phone ringing both for the pledge week and for the questions.

We have a couple here that have come in that I really find kind of interesting, and these are the ones that I really like to share with the audience.

And this is a good one, when do you prune fruit trees?

- So I would say this year has been pretty complicated.

I've been getting a lot of pruning questions.

If your trees are still dormant, meaning their buds aren't swelling right now, the buds aren't breaking, it would be a good time to prune your fruit trees as long as your temperatures aren't expected to dip below that 20-degree mark because that can cause damage around the pruning sites.

If they have started to break bud and swell, that means the trees are putting a lot of energy into that new growth.

And so if you do that pruning now, you're going to stress those trees out.

So for trees that have already started, I would probably say to wait until after they've leafed out.

Ideally wait until maybe they've dropped their leaves in the fall, unless you have some really critical pruning.

And in general, if you're pruning any dead, damaged, and diseased dead issues, that can be done at any time.

John, do you have anything to add?

- No, I agree.

I'm glad you brought up the dead issues, dead damage and things like that.

That's definitely get them out now.

- John, while I have you up, this caller is from Hysham, and they want to know, number one, what's it cost to join the Nursery Association?

And number two, what are the requirements, in other words, could an individual join?

- No, no individuals.

We're mainly a trade organization.

- Okay.

- The price, I don't want to say wrong, but I think it's $279 a year for an organization to join.

That organization then can also go to our trade show.

They can go to our summer tour.

They can bring their employees.

They can have their employees get credits for their pesticide applicating licenses, but we don't really have anything for non-landscapers, arborists, lawn care, wholesale, retail nurseries.

It would be a, what we want to actually work toward is to help get out to the general public who we are so that they can come ask us questions.

- Okay.

I was supposed to have Tim show these weeds, but now that they're getting kind of dehydrated, (Tim laughing) I'll do it now.

And I was supposed to do it earlier in the program, but I don't listen very well anymore.

- Yeah, so people have been asking me what's growing out there.

We're talking about it this time of year, and so I grabbed a couple.

So this one is called catchweed.

This is Asperugo, under people's eaves of their houses, and it's little very fine root thing.

You can think it has almost no roots.

It'll make a big old mat of blue and knotted catchweed things.

Get the scuttle hoe out now and chop this.

This was actually looking a little shriveled up now, but this is shepherd's purse, which is a winter annual mustard, and it is actually edible if people ever want to eat that.

(laughs) And then the final one that's growing out there that I brought in, and this is a weed that we get quite a few questions about this time of year, and this is bulbous bluegrass.

And bulbous bluegrass will make these big black bulbils come in about 2-3 weeks, maybe a month, and then it'll really start to grow.

If you want to manage this now, you actually can probably go out and manage this.

And the rule, if you want to spray herbicide on it, is what I've been calling the 10 and two rule, like driving.

You want it to be between 10 and two o'clock, and you want the plant to be actively growing.

You want it to be above 46 degrees if you're applying glyphosate, and you want to have a couple hours of above 46 degrees.

- I thought it was 60 degrees.

- Well, that is the optimum temperature for what you're gonna get, but anything above 46 and you will get some efficacy.

Your optimum, your best efficacy is between 65 and 75.

- Okay, I didn't know that, so I learned something tonight.

While we're doing show and tell, you got something there that I want you to talk about a little bit.

We see that in a lot of chokecherry trees - Right, yeah, this should not be an unknown.

That's called black knot.

It affects Prunus species.

The reason I brought it in today is that right now would be a good time to prune this out if this is something you don't want to see around.

As soon as we have moisture, these established galls will produce spores, and these spores will infect the new buds or the buds of the new growth.

And so that's how the disease spreads.

So basically, pruning out existing galls or infected tissue right now and then destroying it, not leaving it on the ground, will just reduce the amount of inoculum that could cause new infections.

- Okay, do you need to clean your pruners and sanitize when dealing with this?

- Yeah, so yes, of course you should always do that, yeah, for any kind of pruning action, especially when you're pruning out anything that's diseased, you want to take good care cleaning that.

And in terms of pruning distance, you want to go about four inches below that infection site, so not right at the edge.

- Well said, thank you.

Tim.

That shepherd's purse.

- Yep.

- Do you pickle that too?

- No, I have not pickled shepherd's purse, but you know, some people used to call it poor man's pepper because you can take the seeds and it has a tangy peppery taste to it.

So it'd be good in your Bloody Marys.

- Yes, it would be.

(panelists laughing) - I think we should have a Montana weed cook-off.

(panelists laughing) - Well, that's not a bad idea, but I'm not going to be the host that night.

(panelists laughing) - You know, I was in Sidney this week at the Montana Ag, Mondak Ag Days, which is great to get out to Sidney and talk to all the producers at Mondak Ag Days.

And we were having some interesting discussions about when and how we go about managing, what you should manage in time.

It was, yeah, it's a good time there.

- Okay.

John, I'm gonna let you and Abi touch base on this one.

This person wants to transplant some currant bushes.

It's west end of Billings.

When can they do that?

And can they divide them by splitting them down the middle?

So you guys take over.

- I would think now would be fine to transplant them.

Now the splitting them, I'm not sure.

- It depends on how healthy and robust the root system is.

Sometimes it can work to split them well if you have a nice and robust root system.

And then in terms of like the soil, is the soil pretty workable in Billings right now?

- [John] Right now, yes.

- Yeah, so yeah, it would be a good time.

Hopefully they're still dormant.

They do best when you transplant them when they're dormant, and hopefully we get some precipitation.

- Would you want water them in real good after you do?

- Yeah, yeah, especially because it's been so dry, but you want to water them really well.

Those root systems are alive, and you want to protect those too, so make sure that you're doing this on a day where the root systems can't freeze, because if those temperatures are too low, it can hurt those roots.

- Okay, I also have a currant bush that I was thinking about moving, and I'm going to admit that currant has the worst aphids on it than I have ever had dealt with in my garden.

Is there any sanitation that I can undertake to reduce my aphid problem if I move it?

- I mean, yes, you could maybe do that, but if you, you will probably continue to have aphids unless you try to manage them.

Have you tried to really hose them off?

- Oh yeah, yep.

I mean, sometimes I just have, they blister the leaves.

They turn up and blister the leaves, and you can, you can see when it begins to infect them.

And I do hit them with soapy water.

It knocks it back.

It actually probably doesn't affect fruit production that much, but it is a lot of aphids.

- And over time that could stress out that bush.

So maybe you could use some horticultural oils and make sure you get some really good coverage on the aphids, like on the underside of leaves too.

Yeah.

- Where do aphids overwinter?

- I was just wondering.

(panelists laughing) I have no idea.

- I think it depends, but a lot of them will overwinter in like debris in the soil and stuff too.

- They do, and actually a lot of them overwinter on fruit trees and they survive.

Yeah, I don't know how they do when it used to get 20, 30 below, but they do.

- Yeah, actually I had an extension call, well, I forwarded it on to Chloe Rice, our ag entomologist this week, or our Oregon entomologist.

Boxelder bugs.

I've had boxelder bugs.

I mean, they're amazingly still alive at our house.

Yeah.

- All right, well, we need to move on.

I've got a bunch of questions here, and we're going to go to another pledge break here in about five, six minutes.

From Helena, quickly, is it too cold to spray knapweed right now even though it's getting green?

- No, it is not, and you want to do it on warm day like the 10 and 2 that I mentioned, you want the plant to be doing photosynthesizing, and I would walk out and I would spot spray those little rosettes on the ground.

- And I agree entirely.

John and Abi, from Fort Benton, good question.

Caller wants to know the best way to propagate their willows from cuttings.

When should they do that and what's the best way of doing it?

- Yeah, I'm not sure.

- Yeah, I don't have that much experience propagating willows from cuttings, but I do know someone who can help you in Fort Benton.

Tyler Lane is your extension agent and he has a wealth of knowledge.

So reach out to Tyler Lane, and he can find the best information for you.

- Okay, good answer.

John, from Missoula, what's your favorite turfgrass variety for the state?

- Kentucky bluegrass does well throughout the whole state.

Abi and I were talking a little earlier about drought tolerance.

The rhizomatous tall fescue are really popular for drought tolerance, and they do spread, so they can handle traffic and also damage.

So, but overall, Kentucky bluegrass blends are the most popular and probably will grow unlimited throughout the state.

- And I like to put a plug in for getting mixes of turf grass.

So if you're getting turf seed, you probably see the word "mix."

That means it incorporates multiple species in there, and that could be like Kentucky bluegrass, turf-type tall fescue, some perennial ryegrass mixed in, and that gives you a lot more genetic diversity, and you your lawn will be more resilient if you go for that.

- Yeah, I agree.

- Cashman's Blend is a pretty good turfgrass blend, actually.

I think it's Kentucky bluegrass, some fine fescue, and some tall fescue in there.

But Jerry Cashman, call in if we're wrong.

(panelists laughing) - Okay, question.

I'm gonna throw this to everybody.

This person has daffodils.

Six inches high and blooming, tulips that are up, trees that are budding.

It's projected to get cold next week.

Would a 20-degree frost hurt those plants?

We'll start at the far end and move this way.

- Probably.

I mean, it depends, does it come with snow or not?

I haven't checked.

No snow, don't worry.

Yeah, we'll probably do some dinging, I would think.

I guess with the daffodils and tulips I mean, they're early season, so they can take a hit.

I think there's a difference between whether the bloom is out or not.

And then similar, I guess, Abi, I know you're more of an expert, you and John, about the trees and the buds.

I think there's a relationship there, right?

- Yeah.

- Yeah, I think they could, I think they'll, the established trees will do okay.

Yeah, there probably will be some damage and maybe a little bit of loss, but I think overall the established trees will be okay with the temperature dip we're expecting to see.

- You know, a couple years ago, maybe three years ago, I have a bunch of aspens off one of our decks, and we had, as they were leafing out, we had one night of about 15, 18 degrees, and it took a year for those trees to come back.

It really hurt them, but they did recover.

They are well established, so I agree with you entirely.

It may hurt them, but most established - And I'll jump in a little bit.

So if your trees are budding, they usually have a lot of sugars in those buds that can protect them if your temperatures are getting into the 20s or so.

If they start to open up and flower, those are very, very sensitive to the cold, so that's what's going to take a hit.

But in general, like John was saying, those established trees and shrubs are gonna be able to recover.

You may be doing a little more corrective pruning at the end of the growing season possibly, but keep an eye on them.

You can also cover your daffodils and stuff with a little layer of leaf litter mulch or something like that to try and protect them.

- That's a great idea.

All right, we're getting close to another pledge break, but this question came in after we talked about the grasses.

When's a good time to seed grasses?

- I like to wait till the temperatures in the soil are above 45 degrees, so we're probably May before we'll want to plant turf grasses.

- [Jack] What about fall seeding turf grass?

- I wouldn't do it after the middle of September.

I would get it before that.

- All right, folks, we're approaching We're going to take a short one.

We'll talk about Abi's history with Ag Live.

She's been on the program how many years now?

- [Abi] Five-ish.

- Five years.

And she's a regular nowadays.

And she's gonna tell us some of the favorite things that she grows here in Montana.

So with that, join us and keep those phones ringing.

It's pledge week.

- All who are making pledges this evening, please keep those phones running.

It sounds pretty good.

It could be a little busier, so take time and see if you can't make a pledge this evening.

I want to put Tim on the spot.

You mentioned the Montana Ag Live newsletter.

Tim makes pickled purslane for his Bloody Marys.

He promised you that recipe.

- Oh yeah, it's there.

- [Jack] Have you put it up?

- Oh yeah, it's there.

- [Jack] Okay, so you know it's on right now.

- Yep.

- All right, from Bigfork, and we're going to get through a couple questions here in a hurry.

Can the guests, that'd be you, John, talk about liquid aeration versus core aeration?

- Wow, I haven't, I haven't run across any liquid aeration outside of the golf course maintenance industry, so it would be great if you could do it in your lawns, that's for sure.

Core aeration is just the best.

- [Tim] What is liquid aeration?

- I think what John is referring to is the professional liquid aeration in golf courses where they use the mechanical force of water to aerate, but there are a lot of home garden liquid aeration products that usually have certain like surfactants and other minerals in there.

And in terms of how well they work, they don't work as well for reducing soil compaction and opening pore space and allowing more So I recommend core aeration is still the way to go, and those hollow tines that pull up those plugs are usually the best for compaction.

But that mechanical liquid aeration is something exclusive to usually golf courses.

- [John] Right.

- We have a caller from Worden.

They're having a hard time getting seed potatoes.

We'll find out in two weeks.

It's not time to plant seed potatoes anyway.

I'll have an answer for you in a couple weeks.

- Sounds good.

- Or you will.

- Sure.

- Okay.

Quick one.

Maple bark in Belgrade is splitting on the south side.

It's probably too late to prevent it.

So what do you do?

10 seconds.

- Let it be, let the tree compartmentalize that, and it will recover from that.

Wrap it next year to protect thin and dark-barked trees.

- Yeah, to avoid it, wrap it before winter.

- Absolutely.

- Yeah, and that works pretty well.

Folks, we've had a great time tonight.

I thank PBS for allowing us to be part of the pledge week.

They do a great job here, and we have a good time doing it.

We'll be not here next week.

We'll be back on the 22nd looking at animal nutrition and the Montana Nutrition Conference.

Michelle Whiteside with the president of the Montana Feed Association will join us.

Good night.

(upbeat music) - [Narrator] For more information and resources, visit montanapbs.org/aglive.

- [Narrator] Montana Ag Live is made possible by (upbeat music) the Montana Department of Agriculture, MSU Extension, the MSU Ag Experiment Station of the College of Agriculture, the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee, Cashman Nursery and Landscaping, the Gallatin Gardeners Club, and the Montana Federation of Garden Clubs.

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